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地坪工程,環氧地坪建設質量標準九個主要因素

2011-10-13 09:38:19  來源:環氧地坪  字號:【亞洲黃色視頻:  亞洲黃色視頻:  亞洲黃色視頻:】  瀏覽:62

    地坪工(gong)程的(de)類型按材(cai)料可分(fen)為(wei)2大類:一是耐磨顆(ke)粒(li)添加劑(ji)型,包括非金(jin)(jin)屬、金(jin)(jin)屬及合金(jin)(jin)顆(ke)粒(li)添加劑(ji)型耐磨地面(mian),應用于廠房、停車場(chang)、大型超市、人(ren)行(xing)道以(yi)及車行(xing)道等(deng)(deng)(deng),這類工(gong)程可以(yi)在(zai)土建(jian)地面(mian)工(gong)程同期進(jin)行(xing);高(gao)分(fen)子聚合物型,包括環氧、聚氨酯(zhi)、乙(yi)烯(xi)(xi)基酯(zhi)、丙烯(xi)(xi)酸酯(zhi)以(yi)及聚脲型等(deng)(deng)(deng),還(huan)可分(fen)水性(xing)、溶劑(ji)型及無溶劑(ji)型,并(bing)適(shi)合在(zai)多(duo)種環境條件(jian)下施工(gong),可以(yi)纖維增強或(huo)(huo)添加耐磨填(tian)料、導(dao)(dao)靜電劑(ji)等(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)層復合,使地面(mian)材(cai)料具有良好(hao)的(de)抗油滲、耐蝕、導(dao)(dao)靜電等(deng)(deng)(deng)性(xing)能,其表面(mian)有硬(ying)質或(huo)(huo)彈性(xing)的(de)特性(xing),適(shi)合耐機械劃傷(shang)或(huo)(huo)運動場(chang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)多(duo)種要求。

    地坪工程指作為土建后續適應多種用途需要的特種地面。地坪因適用范圍不同而要求各異,主要包括適應車行道、停車場、物流倉庫等的高沖擊、高耐磨的要求;機械加工車間地面防油滲要求;化工生產耐化學品介質腐蝕的要求;計算機控制室、面粉生產粉塵、紡織業纖維塵、燃料油、易燃易爆危險品儲存庫地面防止靜電積聚的要求;電子元器件生產、手術室、食品、醫藥、精密機械生產裝配區域的潔凈地面要求等。達到這些要求需專業施工企業規范施工,此外地坪工程質量關鍵是要抓好9個關鍵方面。 
  1:地(di)(di)(di)坪工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)首先要抓住(zhu)地(di)(di)(di)坪工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)技術條件。參照GB50209-2002《建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)驗收規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》、GB50037-96)《建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)設(she)計規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》、GB50046《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)防腐蝕設(she)計規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》以(yi)及GB502212-2002《建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)防腐蝕工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)及驗收規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》等(deng)。其(qi)中耐磨顆粒(li)添加劑型地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)應達到《建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)驗收規(gui)范(fan)(fan)》,地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)對前期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)要求包括土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)抗壓強度(du)不得(de)小(xiao)于12MPa、鐵(tie)屑水泥(ni)面(mian)層墊(dian)層混凝土(tu)強度(du)不低于C25,前期工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)表面(mian)應粗糙(cao)、潔凈和濕潤、不得(de)有(you)積水現(xian)象,在已壓光的(de)基面(mian)上鑿毛或(huo)涂刷界面(mian)處理(li)劑等(deng)。高(gao)分子聚合(he)物型地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)特(te)點是色(se)彩(cai)的(de)隨意性,但施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)受環境條件(溫(wen)度(du)及相對濕度(du))的(de)限制,并(bing)對地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)前期土(tu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)質量(liang)(強度(du)、表觀)以(yi)及地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)的(de)含水率有(you)要求。

   2:第2個要抓住的關鍵是地坪工程設計與施工管理。目前能得到涂料產品及施工說明書,要注意的是:施工企業所羅列的工程類別,緊跟現代工業技術發展的步伐和需要,而國家標準所規范的內容已落后于企業的經營范疇,出臺的建筑地面設計規范和建筑地面工程質量驗收規范,難以指導和規范施工的質量。高分子材料由環氧、聚氨酯類發展到乙烯基酯樹脂快速固化的丙烯酸型和聚脲型,環氧類由薄涂型、砂漿型發展到無溶劑型的自流平及自流平導靜電型;技術標準雖經制訂尚未頒布實施,存在前期管理無規范指導,工程質量無檢測項目與標準,普遍存在表面硬度、附著力標準及檢測方法。全國的制藥行業達到GMP要求,每年數百萬平方米地面工程質量檢驗和評定迫在眉睫。
 
  3:地坪工程技術要求和質量檢驗是第3個要抓住的關鍵。耐磨顆粒添加劑型地面工程技術要求和質量檢驗,應嚴格執行GB50209-95《建筑地面工程施工及驗收規范》;GB50209-2002《建筑地面工程質量驗收規范》的工程驗收,可參照防油滲面層涂層允許偏差和檢驗方法。高分子聚合物型地面技術要求和質量檢驗,GB50209-95《建筑地面工程施工及驗收規范》除3.1-3條內容之外基本相似,檢驗現場可檢測數據的有涂層光澤、色澤偏差、表面硬度、附著力、耐磨性、監理到場,現場按檢測試樣對照備查。
  
  4:規范標準對行業的指導十分重要。主要的規范有:GB50046-95《化工建筑防腐蝕設計規范》,包括5.1.7.4條“防水或防潮措施”,5.1.9條“排水溝或地漏”、“坡度”;HG/T20587-1996《化工建筑涂裝設計規定》,包括3.0.2.1條“找平”,5.2.5 條“濕固化型底漆”,5.2.9 條“耐堿的底漆”,5.2.10 條“稀釋的清漆”、“底漆或面漆”;GB50212-2002《建筑防腐蝕工程施工及驗收規范》,包括3.1.1條“堅固、密實”、“強度”。這些對有關地面工程的有混凝土基層處理、塊材防腐蝕工程、水玻璃類防腐蝕工程、樹脂類防腐蝕工程、瀝青類防腐蝕工程、聚合物水泥砂漿防腐蝕工程以及涂料類防腐蝕工程等都有涵蓋,并包含地面施工環境條件控制、原材料質量要求、材料配制、施工方法、質量檢查驗收等多項具有指導施工的條文。
 
  5:地面(mian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)責(ze)(ze)任方(fang)(fang)(fang)需要(yao)區分,這是第5個要(yao)抓住(zhu)的(de)關鍵。其(qi)(qi)中需關注建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)投資(zi)方(fang)(fang)(fang)質(zhi)量(liang)責(ze)(ze)任,包(bao)括涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)產(chan)品(pin)生產(chan)需經質(zhi)量(liang)管理(li)(li)體系認證、標(biao)書商(shang)務標(biao)與技(ji)術(shu)標(biao)的(de)評(ping)分、加強(qiang)對監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)的(de)技(ji)術(shu)素質(zhi)的(de)考核、建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)單位(wei)主觀意(yi)見對涂(tu)(tu)裝耐久性的(de)負面(mian)影(ying)響(xiang)。建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)自我(wo)保(bao)護方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian),主要(yao)內(nei)容工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)原(yuan)(yuan)材料(liao)及設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)文件(jian)的(de)考核、小樣制作對施工(gong)(gong)(gong)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)管理(li)(li)的(de)啟迪、隱蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)驗收。涂(tu)(tu)裝設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)質(zhi)量(liang)責(ze)(ze)任要(yao)點是:涂(tu)(tu)層地面(mian)材料(liao)選用及配(pei)套原(yuan)(yuan)則,做到符(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)國(guo)家和(he)行(xing)業(ye)的(de)有(you)關技(ji)術(shu)標(biao)準,符(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)產(chan)品(pin)或其(qi)(qi)包(bao)裝上(shang)注明(ming)的(de)標(biao)準,符(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)以產(chan)品(pin)說明(ming)、實(shi)物樣品(pin)等方(fang)(fang)(fang)式表明(ming)的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)狀況,符(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)文件(jian)中注明(ming)的(de)產(chan)品(pin)規格和(he)性能(neng),有(you)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)檢驗合(he)(he)格證。設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)文件(jian)論證和(he)技(ji)術(shu)交底方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian),可參照《上(shang)海市建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質(zhi)量(liang)監(jian)(jian)督管理(li)(li)辦法》第17條:建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)單位(wei)或其(qi)(qi)委托的(de)監(jian)(jian)理(li)(li)單位(wei),組織設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)單位(wei)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單位(wei)進行(xing)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)交底和(he)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)圖紙會審。

  6:要抓住的第6個關鍵是地面類型與應用適用性。地坪涂裝設計必須與土建基層強度設計相配套、與使用功能相結合,一些特殊性能要求如食品衛生要求,接觸食品的涂層必須符合食品衛生要求的檢測報告,并避免殘留的氣味污染食品;電子元器件生產及裝配、電子醫療器械等有導靜電的要求;制藥廠的地面有潔凈、無菌的要求等等區別對待。地面類型的選定與施工環境條件相適應,如大型冰庫地面設計與維修有施工溫度條件的特殊性(在-20℃苛刻條件下,只能選用聚脲類地面),而新建廠房,只需考慮季節性的氣溫差異。
 
  7:地面工程質量缺陷分析,是地坪工程質量“力抓9條”中的又一個關鍵問題。值得重視的內容,一是表面硬度低,不耐指甲劃傷,遇水涂膜泛白;二是涂層空鼓起殼;三是涂層起泡;四是浮色發花;五是粗顆粒。這僅僅是施工中幾個例子,小樣制作即能區分施工因素或產品質量問題。
 

  8:施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)承(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)承(cheng)擔什么責(ze)任質量責(ze)任?施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)承(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)方(fang)質量責(ze)任是(shi)第(di)8個關鍵點(dian)。這方(fang)面一是(shi)對(dui)前期土建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量的(de)(de)檢測(ce),根據GB50046-95《工(gong)(gong)業(ye)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑防(fang)腐(fu)蝕設(she)(she)計(ji)規(gui)范》、HG/T20587-96《化工(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑涂裝(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)(she)計(ji)規(gui)定》、GB50212-2002《建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑防(fang)腐(fu)蝕工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)及驗(yan)收規(gui)范》、GB50209-2002《建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑地(di)面工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)質量驗(yan)收規(gui)范》、GB50224-95《建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑防(fang)腐(fu)蝕工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量檢驗(yan)評定標準(zhun)》進行;二是(shi)對(dui)涂裝(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)(she)計(ji)文(wen)件(jian)的(de)(de)認(ren)可(ke),設(she)(she)計(ji)文(wen)件(jian)有(you)論證和(he)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)交(jiao)底2個過(guo)程(cheng),技(ji)(ji)術(shu)交(jiao)底是(shi)設(she)(she)計(ji)與(yu)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)交(jiao)流觀(guan)點(dian)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng),其結果是(shi)設(she)(she)計(ji)文(wen)件(jian)修改或施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)認(ren)可(ke),注意對(dui)自(zi)身利益的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu);三是(shi)試(shi)樣涂裝(zhuang)(zhuang)對(dui)涂料(liao)產品技(ji)(ji)術(shu)性能的(de)(de)認(ren)可(ke),試(shi)樣涂裝(zhuang)(zhuang)制(zhi)作是(shi)向涂料(liao)產品生產企(qi)(qi)業(ye)學習的(de)(de)機會,為輔導(dao)(dao)管(guan)理人(ren)員施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)階段作技(ji)(ji)術(shu)指導(dao)(dao)作示范。


  9:地面工程質量的第8個關鍵是涂料產品供貨方質量責任與自我保護,具體情況包括:施工現場技術服務,涂料產品供貨方一般指涂料生產廠,集結了試驗、生產及應用實踐一整套的經驗,對自身產品應用最有發言權;嚴格施工管理減少涂層質量缺陷,涂料產品供貨方要求施工表面處理必須的粗糙度及平整度,保證涂層附著力,符合供需雙方利益。供貨方要以科學態度關切施工環境條件,保證涂裝成膜質量,從小樣制作開始,無保留地輔導施工人員,提供詳細完整的產品說明書,包括涂料品種介紹和施工技術,達到技術要求。
 

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