環氧－酚醛膠的優點是性能較全面，耐高低溫、耐熱老化、大氣老化和濕熱老化。主要缺點是脆性大。有機硅樹脂的硅氧烷基能與環氧樹脂的羥基反應，改型物具有有機硅和環氧樹脂的雙重優點。 增韌劑 耐高溫粘結劑由于大分子的剛性和交聯密度高所以脆性大，影響了粘結強度，尤其是線受力強度，因此需要增韌。通常的增韌劑有端羧基丁腈橡膠、聚酚氧樹脂、聚砜樹脂等。通常隨著韌性的增加，耐熱性會降低。近年來采用熱塑性耐熱性樹脂如聚芳砜、聚醚酮、聚醚醚酮等；來增韌，隨著韌性的提高耐熱性基本不下降，甚至還略有提高。 填料 超細純鋁粉能顯著提高粘結強度。氣相二氧化硅能控制流動性。常用的填料還有硅微粉和立德粉等。 抗氧化劑 被粘結的金屬離子如銅、鐵離子在高溫下有催化有機高分子的熱氧化分解反應，造成界面粘結破壞。為了消除金屬離子的催化降解活性，提高耐熱性，常加入金屬離子鰲合劑如8－羥基喹啉、沒食子酸丙酯、乙酰基丙酮、鄰苯二酚等。他們可以捕捉這些金屬離子，從而減弱金屬離子的催化降解作用。某些砷、錳、鉬的氧化物也能有效的降低金屬離子的活性如As2O5能于Fe離子生成很穩定的砷鐵鹽。
環氧樹脂高(gao)溫(wen)粘(zhan)結劑的(de)定(ding)義、分(fen)類及評價在國內外至(zhi)今沒有(you)統一(yi)的(de)標準。一(yi)般說來，耐高(gao)溫(wen)性應(ying)按照在特定(ding)的(de)溫(wen)度(du)、時間和介質中能保(bao)持設計所需要的(de)粘(zhan)結強度(du)，或具有(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)強度(du)保(bao)持率來評價。
與其他耐高(gao)溫粘結劑相(xiang)比教，耐高(gao)溫環氧樹脂粘結劑的(de)特點是(shi)；膠接(jie)強度高(gao)，綜合性能好，使用(yong)工藝簡單。突出的(de)優點是(shi)固(gu)化(hua)過(guo)程中揮(hui)發份少，僅0.5～1.5％左右(you)，收縮率(lv)小，一般在0.05～0.1～左右(you)。可(ke)在-60℃～232℃下長期使用(yong)，最高(gao)工作(zuo)溫度可(ke)達(da)260～316℃。
耐(nai)高溫環氧樹脂(zhi)粘結劑(ji)可分為高溫固化、中溫固化和室溫固化耐(nai)高溫粘結劑(ji)。
影響環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)膠粘劑(ji)的(de)主要因素 環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)膠粘劑(ji)的(de)耐(nai)高(gao)溫(wen)性(xing)主要取(qu)(qu)決(jue)于(yu)(yu)固化(hua)(hua)物的(de)熱(re)變形溫(wen)度(du)(du)和(he)熱(re)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)。前者決(jue)定(ding)高(gao)溫(wen)下的(de)力(li)學(xue)性(xing)能(neng)（強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)、模量、蠕變等），后者決(jue)定(ding)了極限使(shi)用溫(wen)度(du)(du)（分解溫(wen)度(du)(du)）。這些都取(qu)(qu)決(jue)于(yu)(yu)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)及固化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)的(de)分子(zi)結(jie)構和(he)相互的(de)反映性(xing)。一般(ban)說來，固化(hua)(hua)物中交(jiao)聯密(mi)度(du)(du)越(yue)高(gao)，分子(zi)鏈上芳環(huan)(huan)(huan)、酯環(huan)(huan)(huan)、雜環(huan)(huan)(huan)等耐(nai)熱(re)性(xing)剛性(xing)基團越(yue)多(duo)，則固化(hua)(hua)物熱(re)變形溫(wen)度(du)(du)就(jiu)(jiu)越(yue)高(gao)，高(gao)溫(wen)力(li)學(xue)性(xing)能(neng)愈大(da)，耐(nai)熱(re)性(xing)越(yue)好，但是脆性(xing)也(ye)越(yue)大(da)。脆性(xing)太大(da)會使(shi)強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)降低，通常(chang)要進行增韌(ren)。 熱(re)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)是指固化(hua)(hua)物抵(di)抗熱(re)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)破壞的(de)能(neng)力(li)，它與固化(hua)(hua)物的(de)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)結(jie)構有關，可添加抗氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)劑(ji)加以改善(shan)。一般(ban)在(zai)(zai)無氧(yang)(yang)情(qing)況下，環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)的(de)熱(re)分解溫(wen)度(du)(du)在(zai)(zai)300℃以上，而在(zai)(zai)空氣中使(shi)用時，一般(ban)在(zai)(zai)180～200℃就(jiu)(jiu)會發生熱(re)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)分解。在(zai)(zai)此溫(wen)度(du)(du)下老(lao)化(hua)(hua)一段(duan)時間，強(qiang)(qiang)度(du)(du)下降更(geng)大(da)。 脂(zhi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)族環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)在(zai)(zai)200℃以下比較穩(wen)定(ding)，但是高(gao)于(yu)(yu)200℃時，熱(re)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)破壞比雙酚A型環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)雙酚A型環(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)(yang)樹(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)更(geng)嚴重(zhong)。
芳(fang)香(xiang)胺(an)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)的雙(shuang)酚A環(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)的熱氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)穩定性(xing)比(bi)脂(zhi)環(huan)或芳(fang)香(xiang)酸酐(gan)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)的雙(shuang)酚A型環(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)穩定差。因(yin)為胺(an)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)的環(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)結(jie)構中含(han)有(you)比(bi)較(jiao)多的羥基，在較(jiao)低的溫(wen)度下就比(bi)較(jiao)容易脫水，此外，胺(an)類上的N原子也比(bi)較(jiao)容易受到熱氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)破壞。酸酐(gan)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)物(wu)中很少(shao)生(sheng)成羥基。在290℃以上時，兩類固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑的環(huan)氧(yang)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)產物(wu)主鏈都(dou)會斷(duan)裂。 一般說來，固(gu)化(hua)(hua)溫(wen)度要(yao)求高(gao)的體系漆耐熱性(xing)也高(gao)。這是(shi)由(you)于耐溫(wen)性(xing)高(gao)的環(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)和(he)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)劑往往活(huo)性(xing)比(bi)較(jiao)低，在高(gao)溫(wen)下才能完(wan)全(quan)固(gu)化(hua)(hua)。
耐(nai)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)粘(zhan)(zhan)結(jie)劑(ji)原料的(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇： 耐(nai)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi) 如(ru)雙酚(fen)(fen)(fen)S型(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、酚(fen)(fen)(fen)醛(quan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、縮水(shui)甘油(you)型(xing)多官(guan)能(neng)(neng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)族環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)。 雙酚(fen)(fen)(fen)S型(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)極性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)砜基(ji)(ji)(ji)－SO2-提高(gao)(gao)誤(wu)了粘(zhan)(zhan)結(jie)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、附著(zhu)力(li)和(he)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)基(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。在高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)下有(you)(you)較高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)剪(jian)切強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)剝離(li)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。粘(zhan)(zhan)結(jie)接(jie)頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)耐(nai)腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好。用(yong)(yong)(yong)DDM固化(hua)(hua)(hua)，并(bing)加(jia)100份石英(ying)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)變(bian)形溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)201℃。 酚(fen)(fen)(fen)醛(quan)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)多官(guan)能(neng)(neng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，平均官(guan)能(neng)(neng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)2.5～6。兼(jian)有(you)(you)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)醛(quan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)縮水(shui)甘油(you)醚環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點。用(yong)(yong)(yong)DDM固化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)變(bian)形溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)206℃,用(yong)(yong)(yong)BF3.乙胺(an)(an)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)為(wei)(wei)239℃，而(er)雙酚(fen)(fen)(fen)A環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在相同的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下只有(you)(you)167℃和(he)160℃。 其(qi)他多官(guan)能(neng)(neng)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如(ru)F-76,AG-80,AFG-90,TDE-85,均苯(ben)(ben)(ben)四(si)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)酸(suan)(suan)四(si)縮水(shui)甘油(you)酯等(deng)都可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)芳香(xiang)胺(an)(an)、酸(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)、咪(mi)唑(zuo)類及其(qi)衍生物(wu)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)。如(ru)雙（2，3－環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)戊基(ji)(ji)(ji)）醚劑(ji)W-95或(huo)300～400號環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)DDM配(pei)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)1506膠在150℃老(lao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)400h后，不均勻扯(che)離(li)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)保(bao)持率為(wei)(wei)50％，大(da)(da)25KN/m,室溫(wen)(wen)(wen)剪(jian)切強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)保(bao)持率微80％，150℃抗(kang)剪(jian)切強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)保(bao)持率微95％。 耐(nai)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji) 芳香(xiang)胺(an)(an)，芳環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)或(huo)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)酸(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)、酚(fen)(fen)(fen)醛(quan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、有(you)(you)機硅(gui)、雙氰胺(an)(an)等(deng) 芳香(xiang)暗中含有(you)(you)穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)，所以(yi)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)膠接(jie)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)，耐(nai)腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)耐(nai)熱(re)(re)濕性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好，可(ke)在100～150℃長期使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。由(you)于苯(ben)(ben)(ben)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)氨基(ji)(ji)(ji)相連，N原子(zi)(zi)上電子(zi)(zi)云(yun)密度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)降低，堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)弱，因(yin)此活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)比脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪胺(an)(an)小，需加(jia)熱(re)(re)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)間苯(ben)(ben)(ben)二(er)(er)(er)胺(an)(an)（MPDA）,4,4′-二(er)(er)(er)氨基(ji)(ji)(ji)二(er)(er)(er)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)烷（DDM）和(he)4,4′-二(er)(er)(er)氨基(ji)(ji)(ji)二(er)(er)(er)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)砜。他們(men)與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)反應活性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)及熱(re)(re)變(bian)形溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)見表－1 固化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji) 反應活化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，℃，(DSC法) 凝膠時(shi)間，min 適用(yong)(yong)(yong)期,h (50g,25℃) 固化(hua)(hua)(hua)條件(jian),℃/h 熱(re)(re)變(bian)形溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du),℃ MPDA 160 2.75 1.25 6 80/2 150/4 150 DDM 160 9.35 4.32 20 80/2 160/2 155 DDA 223 455.3 66.1 〉半年(nian) 125/2 200/2 175~180 耐(nai)熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)酸(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)如(ru)二(er)(er)(er)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)酮四(si)酸(suan)(suan)二(er)(er)(er)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)（BTDA）、二(er)(er)(er)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)醚四(si)酸(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)（DPEDDA）均為(wei)(wei)固體，常與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)合使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。固化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)175℃，長期使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)－60℃～175℃。主要缺點是(shi)(shi)脆性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)(da)，固化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)細(xi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)分(fen)散不易控制(zhi)。增(zeng)韌后是(shi)(shi)哦女冠溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)達到175～200℃，如(ru)J-30膠粘(zhan)(zhan)劑(ji)。液態耐(nai)韌酸(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)有(you)(you)70酸(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)（四(si)氫鄰(lin)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)二(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)酸(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)異構體THPA）、甲(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)四(si)氫鄰(lin)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)二(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)酸(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)（MeTHPA）、甲(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)次內甲(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)四(si)氫鄰(lin)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)二(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)酸(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)（MNA）、甲(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)六氫鄰(lin)苯(ben)(ben)(ben)二(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)酸(suan)(suan)酐(gan)(gan)(gan)（MeHHPA）等(deng)。 酚(fen)(fen)(fen)醛(quan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)有(you)(you)機硅(gui)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)既(ji)是(shi)(shi)固化(hua)(hua)(hua)劑(ji)又是(shi)(shi)耐(nai)高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)改性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)劑(ji)。通常采用(yong)(yong)(yong)低分(fen)子(zi)(zi)熱(re)(re)固性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)醛(quan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（分(fen)子(zi)(zi)量350～450）或(huo)熱(re)(re)塑性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)醛(quan)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)（分(fen)子(zi)(zi)量500～650）與(yu)高(gao)(gao)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)量雙酚(fen)(fen)(fen)A環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)配(pei)合使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，并(bing)加(jia)入酸(suan)(suan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)堿性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)促進劑(ji)如(ru)3－羥(qian)基(ji)(ji)(ji)萘酸(suan)(suan)、磷酸(suan)(suan)、間苯(ben)(ben)(ben)二(er)(er)(er)酚(fen)(fen)(fen)、六次甲(jia)(jia)(jia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)四(si)胺(an)(an)、DMP-30、芐(xia)基(ji)(ji)(ji)二(er)(er)(er)甲(jia)(jia)(jia)胺(an)(an)等(deng)。固化(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)175℃，可(ke)在－60～260℃長期使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。最高(gao)(gao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)可(ke)達260～316℃。耐(nai)熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)僅次于雜環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)高(gao)(gao)分(fen)子(zi)(zi)粘(zhan)(zhan)結(jie)劑(ji)。