近年來,隨(sui)著我(wo)國(guo)建(jian)筑(zhu)業及體(ti)(ti)育(yu)事業的(de)迅速發展,建(jian)筑(zhu)物的(de)室(shi)(shi)內外地(di)面處理、體(ti)(ti)育(yu)場館地(di)面的(de)鋪裝(zhuang)量越(yue)來越(yue)大。鋪裝(zhuang)材(cai)(cai)料的(de)品種、質量不(bu)僅影(ying)響(xiang)到材(cai)(cai)料的(de)使(shi)用壽命(ming),而且影(ying)響(xiang)到建(jian)筑(zhu)物的(de)用途,已成為衡(heng)量建(jian)筑(zhu)質量的(de)好(hao)壞、檔(dang)次高低的(de)一項(xiang)關鍵指標。聚氨酯彈性體(ti)(ti)材(cai)(cai)料由(you)于(yu)(yu)具有(you)特(te)殊結構和(he)工藝性能,由(you)它制得的(de)地(di)坪鋪裝(zhuang)材(cai)(cai)料不(bu)僅適于(yu)(yu)機房、儀(yi)器室(shi)(shi)及室(shi)(shi)內體(ti)(ti)育(yu)館的(de)鋪裝(zhuang),還(huan)可替(ti)代瀝青防(fang)水(shui)(shui)材(cai)(cai)料及防(fang)水(shui)(shui)卷材(cai)(cai),用于(yu)(yu)建(jian)筑(zhu)物的(de)防(fang)水(shui)(shui)、防(fang)漏。
聚(ju)氨酯彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體具(ju)有(you)(you)優異的(de)耐磨性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)硬度可(ke)(ke)調性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),在(zai)較寬的(de)硬度范圍內具(ju)有(you)(you)高彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),在(zai)( -30 ~ 50 )℃內具(ju)有(you)(you)屈撓性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing);并(bing)且具(ju)有(you)(you)良(liang)好的(de)耐沖擊性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐劃傷(shang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 和(he)優異的(de)裝飾(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),成為工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)地坪(ping)(ping)涂料首選高分子(zi)材(cai)料。用該樹脂(zhi)體系制備的(de)彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)地坪(ping)(ping)涂料既(ji)保持(chi)了環氧樹脂(zhi)的(de)強(qiang)度高、粘(zhan)接力(li)強(qiang)、耐化(hua)學(xue)藥品性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好的(de)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),又具(ju)有(you)(you)聚(ju)氨酯的(de)高彈(dan)(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐劃傷(shang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐磨損性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)良(liang)好的(de)施工(gong)(gong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),能(neng)夠(gou)滿足(zu)現代(dai)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)需要,可(ke)(ke)廣泛用于汽車、航天、電(dian)子(zi)、食品、醫藥、電(dian)力(li)、化(hua)工(gong)(gong)等行業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)地坪(ping)(ping),是現代(dai)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)理(li)想的(de)長效地坪(ping)(ping)涂料。
功(gong)能性(xing)地(di)坪(ping)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)是(shi)各(ge)種特(te)殊用途地(di)坪(ping)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)的總稱。即除(chu)了(le)防護作用以外(wai),這類涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)還兼(jian)有某些特(te)別的功(gong)能,以滿足被(bei)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)覆(fu)產品設計上的需(xu)要(yao)。目前,功(gong)能性(xing)地(di)坪(ping)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)主要(yao)體現在電(dian)功(gong)能涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)、彩色耐(nai)磨涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)、彈性(xing)聚氨酯地(di)坪(ping)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)、耐(nai)強化學腐蝕(shi)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)以及(ji)水性(xing)環氧涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)等幾方(fang)面,本文就(jiu)以上幾方(fang)面的地(di)坪(ping)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料(liao)加(jia)以簡單介紹。
1 水性環氧地坪
嚴(yan)格地講,水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)環氧(yang)地坪(ping)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)不(bu)能(neng)算作真正(zheng)意義的(de)功能(neng)性(xing)(xing)地坪(ping)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao),但是由于(yu)其全部采用不(bu)含溶(rong)劑(ji)的(de)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)環氧(yang)樹(shu)脂(zhi)做材料(liao),無毒、無味,涂(tu)(tu)裝過程中亦無污染,環境友好;涂(tu)(tu)層美觀、易(yi)清潔,防水(shui)(shui)防潮(chao);同時還可(ke)根據需要上水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)環氧(yang)罩面清漆,可(ke)獲(huo)得更高光澤的(de)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)環氧(yang)地坪(ping)。
水性(xing)(xing)環(huan)氧地(di)坪(ping)(ping)涂(tu)料特別(bie)(bie)適用(yong)于(yu)食品(pin)廠、制藥廠車間以及倉庫等場所,漆膜無(wu)毒(du),涂(tu)裝過程中對食品(pin)及藥品(pin)等無(wu)污(wu)染,同時(shi)也特別(bie)(bie)適用(yong)于(yu)潮(chao)濕地(di)面(mian)涂(tu)裝。中遠關西涂(tu)料公司開發出了(le)新型(xing)水性(xing)(xing)環(huan)氧地(di)坪(ping)(ping)涂(tu)料,其具有優異的(de)保(bao)光保(bao)色性(xing)(xing)和突出的(de)耐候性(xing)(xing),可以極低的(de)厚度( 500 m m 以內)實現傳統無(wu)溶劑(ji)地(di)坪(ping)(ping)涂(tu)料數毫(hao)米(mi)的(de)性(xing)(xing)能,填補了(le)我國國內市(shi)場的(de)空白。
2 彩色耐磨整體藝術地坪
彩(cai)色耐(nai)磨整體藝術地(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)是一種近年來流行(xing)于美國(guo)、加拿大(da)、澳大(da)利亞、歐洲并(bing)在世(shi)界主要發達(da)國(guo)家,且得到迅速推(tui)廣的(de)綠色環保地(di)(di)(di)面裝(zhuang)飾鋪(pu)面材(cai)料。它能在原本普(pu)通的(de)新舊混凝土表層(ceng)創造出各(ge)種天然大(da)理(li)石、花崗巖、磚(zhuan)、瓦、木(mu)地(di)(di)(di)板等(deng)鋪(pu)設效果,具有圖形美觀(guan)自然、色彩(cai)真實持久、質地(di)(di)(di)堅(jian)固耐(nai)用(yong)等(deng)特(te)點(dian),可根(gen)據業主的(de)要求,設計出各(ge)種彩(cai)色平(ping)面圖案。它的(de)誕生從(cong)根(gen)本上克(ke)服了(le)傳統(tong)磚(zhuan)、石鋪(pu)設地(di)(di)(di)面常(chang)有的(de)容易松動(dong)、凹凸不平(ping)、縫隙長草、蟲蟻(yi)筑穴、容易起塵、路面整體性差(cha)、施工周(zhou)期長、需經常(chang)維修(xiu)等(deng)缺點(dian)。彩(cai)色耐(nai)磨整體藝術地(di)(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)結合了(le)傳統(tong)磚(zhuan)、石鋪(pu)設地(di)(di)(di)面的(de)美觀(guan)自然與混凝土的(de)堅(jian)固耐(nai)用(yong)特(te)點(dian),是替(ti)代(dai)磚(zhuan)、石鋪(pu)設地(di)(di)(di)面的(de)一種理(li)想的(de)新型(xing)地(di)(di)(di)面裝(zhuang)飾材(cai)料。
彩色耐(nai)磨(mo)整體藝術(shu)(shu)地(di)坪(ping)采用的(de)(de)(de)是表面(mian)處理(li)技術(shu)(shu),它在混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土基(ji)層(ceng)面(mian)上(shang)進行表面(mian)著(zhu)色強化(hua)處理(li),以(yi)(yi)達(da)到裝(zhuang)飾混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土的(de)(de)(de)效果。同時(shi),對(dui)著(zhu)色強化(hua)處理(li)過的(de)(de)(de)地(di)面(mian)進行滲透保護(hu)處理(li),以(yi)(yi)達(da)到潔凈(jing)地(di)面(mian)與保養地(di)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。彩色耐(nai)磨(mo)整體藝術(shu)(shu)地(di)坪(ping)的(de)(de)(de)構造(zao)(zao)模式(shi)如(ru)下(xia):基(ji)層(ceng)(混(hun)(hun)凝(ning)土)——彩色面(mian)層(ceng)(強化(hua)料和脫模料)——保護(hu)層(ceng)(保護(hu)劑)這三個基(ji)本層(ceng)面(mian)構造(zao)(zao),這樣的(de)(de)(de)構造(zao)(zao)是良(liang)好性能與經(jing)濟要(yao)求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)平衡結果。目(mu)前常用的(de)(de)(de)做法(fa)分(fen)為以(yi)(yi)下(xia)兩大類:模具法(fa)施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝與噴、撤法(fa)施(shi)工(gong)工(gong)藝。
彩色耐磨整體藝術地(di)坪(ping)不僅(jin)可以廣(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)商業及(ji)城建等各(ge)種場(chang)合所需的人行道、公(gong)園、文(wen)化廣(guang)場(chang)、游樂場(chang)、高尚小區道路(lu)、停(ting)車場(chang)、庭(ting)院、地(di)鐵(tie)站(zhan)臺(tai)、游泳(yong)池(chi)等公(gong)共場(chang)所,創造(zao)高尚、舒適、人文(wen)、返樸歸真的環境景觀,而且可應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)居家(jia)室內地(di)面(mian)、庭(ting)院地(di)面(mian)營造(zao)出一(yi)種溫馨、休閑、度假(jia)般的居所文(wen)化。具有極高的安全性和耐用(yong)性,同時施工和保養又非常簡(jian)單、經(jing)濟。彩色耐磨整體藝術地(di)坪(ping)目前(qian)已進入國(guo)內市場(chang),并(bing)在上海、北京、廣(guang)州(zhou)等一(yi)些國(guo)內經(jing)濟較發達(da)城市得以應(ying)用(yong)。
3 耐化學腐蝕地坪
耐化學(xue)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)坪(ping)涂(tu)料(liao)將用(yong)(yong)耐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)樹脂制(zhi)成的地(di)坪(ping)材料(liao)涂(tu)裝(zhuang)在混凝土或砂(sha)漿地(di)面(mian)(mian)上,以(yi)形成美(mei)觀易清(qing)(qing)潔(jie),同時能夠耐強(qiang)烈化學(xue)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)的地(di)坪(ping)涂(tu)層(ceng)。其性能特點為根據腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)介(jie)質(zhi)種類確定(ding)采用(yong)(yong)不飽和(he)聚酯、乙烯基樹脂、呋(fu)喃等(deng)耐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)樹脂制(zhi)作地(di)坪(ping)材料(liao),保證涂(tu)層(ceng)能抵御所(suo)接觸(chu)的腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)介(jie)質(zhi)的侵(qin)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi),涂(tu)層(ceng)美(mei)觀易清(qing)(qing)理,耐磨性好。耐化學(xue)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)坪(ping)涂(tu)料(liao)通常適用(yong)(yong)于與強(qiang)烈腐(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)性介(jie)質(zhi)接觸(chu)的混凝土或砂(sha)漿表面(mian)(mian),如化工廠車(che)間等(deng)。
4 彈性地坪涂料
澆注型(xing)聚氨酯 (PU) 彈(dan)性體廣泛應(ying)用(yong)于各工業(ye)部(bu)門(men)如膠(jiao)輥、耐磨(mo)襯里(li)、密封墊圈、鞋(xie)底、實芯(xin)輪胎(tai)、膠(jiao)帶、機械(xie)零件、嵌縫(feng)材(cai)料(liao)、鋪裝材(cai)料(liao)等。由于聚氨酯彈(dan)性體具有高彈(dan)性和(he)(he)耐磨(mo)性,越(yue)來越(yue)多地應(ying)用(yong)于鋪設(she)各類體育運動場(chang)地如田徑場(chang)塑(su)膠(jiao)跑道、塑(su)膠(jiao)網球場(chang)、塑(su)膠(jiao)籃球場(chang)和(he)(he)塑(su)膠(jiao)羽毛球場(chang)地等。
美國(guo)明尼蘇達采(cai)礦(kuang)制造公(gong)司 ( 即 3M 公(gong)司 ) 最早(zao)于 1961 年(nian)用(yong)聚氨酯材(cai)料鋪(pu)設(she)了(le)一條 200m 長的(de)賽馬道(dao)(dao)(dao), 1963 年(nian)又(you)鋪(pu)設(she)了(le)田徑跑(pao)道(dao)(dao)(dao),由于使用(yong)效果較好,受到(dao)各(ge)國(guo)的(de)重視。 1965 年(nian)西(xi)德正(zheng)式生產(chan)塑(su)膠(jiao)(jiao)跑(pao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。 1967 年(nian)在加拿大召開(kai)的(de)泛美運(yun)動(dong)會(hui)開(kai)始采(cai)用(yong)塑(su)膠(jiao)(jiao)跑(pao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。 1968 年(nian)在墨西(xi)哥召開(kai)的(de) 19 屆奧(ao)林匹克運(yun)動(dong)會(hui)上(shang)聚氨酯塑(su)膠(jiao)(jiao)跑(pao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)被正(zheng)式采(cai)用(yong),稱為“塔當”跑(pao)道(dao)(dao)(dao),得到(dao)國(guo)際奧(ao)委(wei)會(hui)的(de)承認(ren)。此后(hou)國(guo)際奧(ao)委(wei)會(hui)就正(zheng)式把塑(su)膠(jiao)(jiao)跑(pao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)定為國(guo)際比(bi)賽的(de)必備條件(jian)之一,世界各(ge)國(guo)競相鋪(pu)設(she)。日本、意大利(li)、英國(guo)、法國(guo)、瑞士(shi)、瑞典等國(guo)相繼(ji)生產(chan)和鋪(pu)設(she)了(le)塑(su)膠(jiao)(jiao)跑(pao)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。
5 電功能地坪涂料
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功能涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)主要包括:電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕(jue)緣涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(體(ti)積電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率> 10 12 Ω· cm );抗(kang)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),也(ye)稱(cheng)防(fang)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)( 10 8 ~ 10 9 Ω· cm );電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁被屏蔽涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)( 10 - 2 ~ 10 - 3 Ω· cm );導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)( 10 - 3 ~ 10 - 5 Ω· cm );電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁波吸收(shou)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。防(fang)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)(shi)近 10 年來(lai)迅速發展起來(lai)的(de)一種功能性(xing)(xing)(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao),它賦(fu)予物(wu)(wu)體(ti)以(yi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing),廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)應用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子、建筑(zhu)、航空、軍(jun)事(shi)等(deng)領域。防(fang)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)根據成(cheng)膜物(wu)(wu)質是(shi)(shi)否具有導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)(xing)(xing),可以(yi)分為兩(liang)大類:添加(jia)(jia)型防(fang)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和非添加(jia)(jia)型防(fang)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。非添加(jia)(jia)型防(fang)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)合成(cheng)、施(shi)工存在很(hen)多困難,成(cheng)本也(ye)比較高,性(xing)(xing)(xing)能不(bu)夠(gou)理想(xiang),故尚未得到廣(guang)(guang)泛(fan)的(de)應用(yong)。添加(jia)(jia)型防(fang)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)則是(shi)(shi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、絕(jue)緣性(xing)(xing)(xing)聚合物(wu)(wu)、助劑(ji)(ji)、溶劑(ji)(ji)的(de)混合物(wu)(wu),將其涂(tu)(tu)覆于基材表面形成(cheng)一層固化(hua)膜,產生防(fang)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)效果。通常防(fang)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在常用(yong)環氧地坪涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)配方中加(jia)(jia)入了導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)或導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji)(ji),如:炭系(xi)列(炭黑、炭纖維(wei)、石墨)、金屬粉(fen)(fen)末(銅(tong)粉(fen)(fen)、鎳(nie)粉(fen)(fen))、導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(導(dao)(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉(fen)(fen)等(deng))、有機合成(cheng)導(dao)(dao)(dao)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)助劑(ji)(ji)。防(fang)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)地坪涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)適用(yong)于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器廠(chang)房、計算機房、印刷(shua)廠(chang)、紡織(zhi)廠(chang)、制藥廠(chang)等(deng)一切需要防(fang)靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或防(fang)爆場所(suo)的(de)地面或墻面。
防(fang)靜(jing)電地(di)(di)坪涂(tu)料(liao)(liao)作(zuo)為(wei)功(gong)能性地(di)(di)坪中(zhong)重要的(de)一員(yuan)已經越來越多(duo)地(di)(di)被眾多(duo)企業(ye)所(suo)認可。中(zhong)遠關西涂(tu)料(liao)(liao)公司成功(gong)地(di)(di)為(wei)包括連云(yun)(yun)港核電站(zhan)等多(duo)家(jia)單位鋪設了防(fang)靜(jing)電地(di)(di)坪涂(tu)料(liao)(liao),施工(gong)總面積達數萬平(ping)米,其中(zhong)連云(yun)(yun)港核電站(zhan)使用該種(zhong)涂(tu)料(liao)(liao)近兩年時間(jian),每(mei)天經過車(che)輛的(de)輾(zhan)壓.金屬工(gong)具的(de)撞擊、油污侵(qin)蝕、洗刷機清洗,地(di)(di)坪完好無損,光(guang)亮(liang)如(ru)新(xin),深(shen)受客戶的(de)好評。