近年來(lai)，隨著(zhu)我國建(jian)筑業(ye)及體(ti)育事業(ye)的(de)迅速發展，建(jian)筑物的(de)室內(nei)(nei)外地面處(chu)理(li)、體(ti)育場館(guan)(guan)地面的(de)鋪裝(zhuang)量(liang)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)大。鋪裝(zhuang)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)品種、質(zhi)量(liang)不僅影響到材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)使用(yong)壽命，而且影響到建(jian)筑物的(de)用(yong)途，已成為衡量(liang)建(jian)筑質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)好壞、檔次高低的(de)一項(xiang)關鍵指標。聚氨(an)酯彈性體(ti)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)由(you)于具有特殊結構(gou)和工藝性能，由(you)它制(zhi)得的(de)地坪鋪裝(zhuang)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)不僅適(shi)于機(ji)房、儀器室及室內(nei)(nei)體(ti)育館(guan)(guan)的(de)鋪裝(zhuang)，還可替代瀝(li)青防水(shui)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)及防水(shui)卷(juan)材(cai)，用(yong)于建(jian)筑物的(de)防水(shui)、防漏。

    聚氨酯彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體(ti)具(ju)(ju)有優(you)異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)磨(mo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和硬度可(ke)調性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，在較寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬度范圍內具(ju)(ju)有高(gao)(gao)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，在（ -30 ～ 50 ）℃內具(ju)(ju)有屈撓性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)；并且(qie)具(ju)(ju)有良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)耐(nai)沖擊(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)劃傷性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing) 和優(you)異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝飾(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，成為工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)地(di)坪涂(tu)料(liao)首選高(gao)(gao)分子材料(liao)。用(yong)該(gai)樹脂(zhi)體(ti)系制備的(de)(de)(de)(de)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)地(di)坪涂(tu)料(liao)既保持了環氧樹脂(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)強度高(gao)(gao)、粘接力強、耐(nai)化(hua)學藥(yao)品性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，又具(ju)(ju)有聚氨酯的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)劃傷性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)磨(mo)損性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，能夠(gou)滿足現代工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)需要，可(ke)廣泛(fan)用(yong)于汽(qi)車(che)、航天、電(dian)子、食品、醫藥(yao)、電(dian)力、化(hua)工(gong)(gong)等行業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)坪，是現代工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)理(li)想(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)長效地(di)坪涂(tu)料(liao)。 

    功(gong)能性(xing)地坪(ping)涂(tu)料(liao)是各(ge)種(zhong)特殊用途(tu)地坪(ping)涂(tu)料(liao)的(de)總稱。即除了防護作用以外，這類涂(tu)料(liao)還兼有某(mou)些特別(bie)的(de)功(gong)能，以滿足被(bei)涂(tu)覆產品設計(ji)上的(de)需要。目前(qian)，功(gong)能性(xing)地坪(ping)涂(tu)料(liao)主要體現在(zai)電功(gong)能涂(tu)料(liao)、彩色耐磨涂(tu)料(liao)、彈性(xing)聚(ju)氨酯地坪(ping)涂(tu)料(liao)、耐強化學腐(fu)蝕(shi)涂(tu)料(liao)以及水性(xing)環氧涂(tu)料(liao)等幾方面，本文就(jiu)以上幾方面的(de)地坪(ping)涂(tu)料(liao)加以簡單介紹。 

    1 水性環氧地坪 

    嚴格地(di)(di)講，水(shui)性(xing)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)地(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)涂(tu)料(liao)不能(neng)算作真正意(yi)義的(de)功(gong)能(neng)性(xing)地(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)涂(tu)料(liao)，但是(shi)由于其全部采用(yong)不含溶劑的(de)水(shui)性(xing)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)樹脂(zhi)做材料(liao)，無(wu)毒、無(wu)味(wei)，涂(tu)裝過程中(zhong)亦無(wu)污染(ran)，環(huan)(huan)境友好(hao)；涂(tu)層美觀(guan)、易清(qing)潔，防(fang)水(shui)防(fang)潮；同時還可根據(ju)需(xu)要上水(shui)性(xing)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)罩面(mian)清(qing)漆，可獲得更高光澤的(de)水(shui)性(xing)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)地(di)(di)坪(ping)(ping)。 

    水(shui)(shui)性(xing)環(huan)氧地坪(ping)涂料(liao)特(te)別適用(yong)于(yu)食品廠、制藥廠車間以及倉庫等場(chang)所，漆膜無毒，涂裝(zhuang)過程中對食品及藥品等無污(wu)染，同時(shi)也(ye)特(te)別適用(yong)于(yu)潮濕地面涂裝(zhuang)。中遠關西涂料(liao)公司開發出了新型水(shui)(shui)性(xing)環(huan)氧地坪(ping)涂料(liao)，其具有優異的保(bao)光保(bao)色(se)性(xing)和突出的耐(nai)候性(xing)，可以極低的厚度(du)（ 500 m m 以內(nei)）實(shi)現傳統無溶劑地坪(ping)涂料(liao)數毫米(mi)的性(xing)能，填補(bu)了我國(guo)國(guo)內(nei)市場(chang)的空白。 

    2 彩色耐磨整體藝術地坪 

    彩(cai)色(se)(se)耐磨(mo)整(zheng)體(ti)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)地(di)(di)(di)坪是(shi)一種近年來流行于美國、加拿大(da)、澳大(da)利(li)亞、歐洲并在世界主(zhu)要發達國家，且(qie)得到迅速推廣的綠色(se)(se)環(huan)保地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)裝飾鋪面(mian)(mian)(mian)材(cai)料。它(ta)能在原本普通的新舊混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)表層創造出(chu)各(ge)(ge)種天然大(da)理石(shi)、花崗巖、磚(zhuan)、瓦、木(mu)地(di)(di)(di)板等(deng)鋪設效果，具有圖(tu)形美觀自(zi)然、色(se)(se)彩(cai)真實持久(jiu)、質地(di)(di)(di)堅固耐用等(deng)特點(dian)，可根(gen)據業主(zhu)的要求(qiu)，設計(ji)出(chu)各(ge)(ge)種彩(cai)色(se)(se)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)圖(tu)案。它(ta)的誕生從(cong)根(gen)本上克服了(le)傳統磚(zhuan)、石(shi)鋪設地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)常(chang)(chang)有的容易松動、凹凸不(bu)平、縫隙長草、蟲蟻筑穴、容易起塵、路面(mian)(mian)(mian)整(zheng)體(ti)性(xing)差、施工周期長、需(xu)經常(chang)(chang)維修等(deng)缺點(dian)。彩(cai)色(se)(se)耐磨(mo)整(zheng)體(ti)藝(yi)術(shu)(shu)地(di)(di)(di)坪結合(he)了(le)傳統磚(zhuan)、石(shi)鋪設地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的美觀自(zi)然與混(hun)凝土(tu)(tu)的堅固耐用特點(dian)，是(shi)替代(dai)磚(zhuan)、石(shi)鋪設地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的一種理想的新型地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)裝飾材(cai)料。 

    彩色(se)(se)耐磨(mo)整體(ti)藝術(shu)地(di)坪采用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是表(biao)面(mian)處(chu)理(li)(li)技術(shu)，它(ta)在(zai)混凝土(tu)基(ji)層(ceng)面(mian)上(shang)進(jin)(jin)行表(biao)面(mian)著色(se)(se)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)，以達到(dao)裝飾混凝土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)(guo)。同時，對著色(se)(se)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)處(chu)理(li)(li)過的(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)面(mian)進(jin)(jin)行滲(shen)透保(bao)護處(chu)理(li)(li)，以達到(dao)潔凈(jing)地(di)面(mian)與保(bao)養地(di)面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)。彩色(se)(se)耐磨(mo)整體(ti)藝術(shu)地(di)坪的(de)(de)(de)(de)構造模(mo)式如下(xia)：基(ji)層(ceng)（混凝土(tu)）——彩色(se)(se)面(mian)層(ceng)（強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)料和脫模(mo)料）——保(bao)護層(ceng)（保(bao)護劑）這三(san)個基(ji)本層(ceng)面(mian)構造，這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)構造是良好性能與經濟要求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平衡(heng)結果(guo)(guo)。目前常用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)做法分為(wei)以下(xia)兩(liang)大類：模(mo)具(ju)法施工(gong)工(gong)藝與噴、撤法施工(gong)工(gong)藝。 

    彩(cai)色(se)(se)耐磨整體藝(yi)術地坪(ping)(ping)不僅(jin)可以廣泛應(ying)用于(yu)商業及(ji)城(cheng)建等各(ge)種場合所需的人(ren)行道、公(gong)園、文化(hua)廣場、游(you)樂場、高尚小區道路、停車場、庭院、地鐵站(zhan)臺(tai)、游(you)泳池(chi)等公(gong)共(gong)場所，創造高尚、舒適、人(ren)文、返樸歸真的環境景觀(guan)，而且(qie)可應(ying)用于(yu)居家室內(nei)(nei)地面(mian)、庭院地面(mian)營造出一(yi)種溫(wen)馨(xin)、休閑、度假般的居所文化(hua)。具有極(ji)高的安全性和(he)耐用性，同時施工和(he)保養(yang)又(you)非常(chang)簡單、經濟(ji)。彩(cai)色(se)(se)耐磨整體藝(yi)術地坪(ping)(ping)目前已進(jin)入國(guo)內(nei)(nei)市(shi)場，并(bing)在上海、北京、廣州(zhou)等一(yi)些國(guo)內(nei)(nei)經濟(ji)較發達城(cheng)市(shi)得以應(ying)用。 

    3 耐化學腐蝕地坪 

    耐化(hua)學腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)坪(ping)涂(tu)料(liao)將用耐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樹(shu)脂(zhi)制(zhi)成(cheng)的地(di)(di)坪(ping)材(cai)料(liao)涂(tu)裝(zhuang)在混(hun)凝土或砂漿地(di)(di)面上，以形成(cheng)美觀(guan)(guan)易(yi)清(qing)潔，同(tong)時能夠耐強烈化(hua)學腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的地(di)(di)坪(ping)涂(tu)層。其性(xing)(xing)能特點為根據腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)種類確定采用不飽和聚酯(zhi)、乙烯基(ji)樹(shu)脂(zhi)、呋喃(nan)等(deng)耐蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樹(shu)脂(zhi)制(zhi)作地(di)(di)坪(ping)材(cai)料(liao)，保證涂(tu)層能抵御所接(jie)觸的腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的侵蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，涂(tu)層美觀(guan)(guan)易(yi)清(qing)理，耐磨(mo)性(xing)(xing)好。耐化(hua)學腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)坪(ping)涂(tu)料(liao)通常適用于與(yu)強烈腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)觸的混(hun)凝土或砂漿表面，如(ru)化(hua)工(gong)廠車間(jian)等(deng)。 

    4 彈性地坪涂料 

    澆注型聚氨(an)(an)酯(zhi) (PU) 彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)體廣泛應(ying)用于各工業部門如(ru)膠(jiao)(jiao)輥、耐磨襯里、密封墊圈(quan)、鞋底(di)、實芯(xin)輪胎、膠(jiao)(jiao)帶、機械(xie)零件(jian)、嵌縫(feng)材料、鋪(pu)裝(zhuang)材料等。由于聚氨(an)(an)酯(zhi)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)體具有高彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)和(he)耐磨性(xing)(xing)，越來(lai)越多(duo)地應(ying)用于鋪(pu)設(she)各類體育運動場地如(ru)田徑場塑膠(jiao)(jiao)跑(pao)道、塑膠(jiao)(jiao)網(wang)球場、塑膠(jiao)(jiao)籃球場和(he)塑膠(jiao)(jiao)羽毛球場地等。 

    美國(guo)(guo)明尼蘇達(da)采礦制造公司 ( 即 3M 公司 ) 最早于 1961 年用聚氨酯材料(liao)鋪設了一條 200m 長的賽馬(ma)道(dao)， 1963 年又(you)鋪設了田徑跑道(dao)，由(you)于使用效果(guo)較好，受(shou)到各國(guo)(guo)的重視。 1965 年西德(de)正(zheng)式生產(chan)塑(su)膠(jiao)跑道(dao)。 1967 年在(zai)加拿大召(zhao)(zhao)開的泛美運動會開始采用塑(su)膠(jiao)跑道(dao)。 1968 年在(zai)墨西哥召(zhao)(zhao)開的 19 屆奧(ao)林匹(pi)克(ke)運動會上聚氨酯塑(su)膠(jiao)跑道(dao)被正(zheng)式采用，稱為“塔當”跑道(dao)，得到國(guo)(guo)際奧(ao)委(wei)會的承認(ren)。此后(hou)國(guo)(guo)際奧(ao)委(wei)會就(jiu)正(zheng)式把(ba)塑(su)膠(jiao)跑道(dao)定為國(guo)(guo)際比賽的必備條件之一，世界各國(guo)(guo)競相鋪設。日本(ben)、意大利(li)、英(ying)國(guo)(guo)、法國(guo)(guo)、瑞(rui)士、瑞(rui)典等國(guo)(guo)相繼生產(chan)和鋪設了塑(su)膠(jiao)跑道(dao)。   

    5 電功能地坪涂料 

    電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)功(gong)能(neng)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)主要包(bao)括：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣絕緣(yuan)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)（體(ti)積電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻率(lv)＞ 10 12 Ω· cm ）；抗靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，也稱防(fang)(fang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)（ 10 8 ～ 10 9 Ω· cm ）；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁被屏蔽涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)（ 10 － 2 ～ 10 － 3 Ω· cm ）；導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)（ 10 － 3 ～ 10 － 5 Ω· cm ）；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁波吸收(shou)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。防(fang)(fang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)近 10 年來迅(xun)速(su)發展起來的(de)(de)一種(zhong)功(gong)能(neng)性(xing)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)，它(ta)賦予物(wu)體(ti)以導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)，廣(guang)泛應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子、建筑、航空、軍事等領(ling)域。防(fang)(fang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)根據成(cheng)(cheng)膜物(wu)質(zhi)是(shi)否具有(you)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)，可以分為兩大(da)類：添(tian)(tian)加(jia)(jia)型(xing)防(fang)(fang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)和非(fei)添(tian)(tian)加(jia)(jia)型(xing)防(fang)(fang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。非(fei)添(tian)(tian)加(jia)(jia)型(xing)防(fang)(fang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)合成(cheng)(cheng)、施工存在很多困難，成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)也比較高，性(xing)能(neng)不夠(gou)理想，故尚(shang)未得到廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。添(tian)(tian)加(jia)(jia)型(xing)防(fang)(fang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)則是(shi)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、絕緣(yuan)性(xing)聚合物(wu)、助劑(ji)(ji)、溶劑(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)混合物(wu)，將其涂(tu)(tu)覆于(yu)基材(cai)表面形成(cheng)(cheng)一層固化膜，產生防(fang)(fang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)效果(guo)。通(tong)常防(fang)(fang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)在常用(yong)環氧地坪涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)配方中加(jia)(jia)入了導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉或導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)劑(ji)(ji)，如：炭系列（炭黑(hei)、炭纖維、石(shi)墨(mo)）、金屬粉末（銅粉、鎳粉）、導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)（導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)粉等）、有(you)機(ji)合成(cheng)(cheng)導(dao)(dao)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)助劑(ji)(ji)。防(fang)(fang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)地坪涂(tu)(tu)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器廠(chang)房、計算機(ji)房、印刷(shua)廠(chang)、紡織廠(chang)、制藥(yao)廠(chang)等一切需要防(fang)(fang)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)或防(fang)(fang)爆場所(suo)的(de)(de)地面或墻(qiang)面。 

    防靜電(dian)地坪(ping)涂料(liao)(liao)作為功能性地坪(ping)中重要的一員已經(jing)(jing)越來越多(duo)(duo)地被眾多(duo)(duo)企業所認可(ke)。中遠關西(xi)涂料(liao)(liao)公(gong)司成(cheng)功地為包括連云(yun)(yun)港核(he)電(dian)站(zhan)等多(duo)(duo)家(jia)單位(wei)鋪設(she)了防靜電(dian)地坪(ping)涂料(liao)(liao)，施工(gong)總面積(ji)達數萬平米，其中連云(yun)(yun)港核(he)電(dian)站(zhan)使用該種涂料(liao)(liao)近兩年時間，每(mei)天經(jing)(jing)過車(che)輛的輾壓．金屬工(gong)具的撞擊、油(you)污(wu)侵蝕、洗刷機清洗，地坪(ping)完好(hao)無損，光亮(liang)如新(xin)，深受客戶的好(hao)評。